Intercity buses are the backbone of Bulgarian travel: faster, more frequent and more comfortable than the trains on most routes, and every town of any size has a bus station next to the market.
Trains are slow but cheap and often beautiful — the narrow-gauge Septemvri to Dobrinishte line through the Rhodopes is a destination in itself rather than a way of getting somewhere.
Sofia has a metro that reaches the airport, plus trams and trolleybuses. Buy tickets from the machine or the app, and validate.
Taxis are cheap but check the rate printed on the window before getting in; airport ranks are where tourists get caught. Ride-hailing apps work in the big cities.
Domestic flights run from Sofia to Varna and to Burgas — there is no coastal hop between the two — and the country is small enough that they rarely save time once you count the airports.
